畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 2002-2009.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2015.11.012

• 动物营养 • 上一篇    下一篇

围产前期日粮能量水平对荷斯坦奶牛产后生产性能和血液指标的影响

陈子宁1,李妍3,高艳霞1,2,薛倩1,李秋凤1,2,李建国1,2*   

  1. (1.河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定 071001;2.河北省牛羊胚胎工程技术研究中心,保定 071001;3.河北农业大学动物医学院,保定 071001)
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-26 出版日期:2015-11-23 发布日期:2015-11-23
  • 通讯作者: 李建国,教授,博士生导师,E-mail:jgli@hebau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈子宁(1988-),男,河北邢台人,硕士,主要从事反刍动物营养研究,Tel: 0312-7528353,E-mail: chenzining2010@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-37);河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队建设专项资金

Effect of Dietary Energy Levels on Postpartum Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Pre-partum Holstein Dairy Cows

CHEN Zi-ning1,LI Yan3,GAO Yan-xia1,2,XUE Qian1,LI Qiu-feng1,2,LI Jian-guo1,2*   

  1. (1.College of Animal Science and Technology,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China;2.Embryo Engineering and Technological Center of Cattle and Sheep of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China;3.College of Veterinary Medicine,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China)
  • Received:2015-01-26 Online:2015-11-23 Published:2015-11-23

摘要:

旨在研究围产前期日粮能量水平对产后奶牛采食量(DMI)、产奶性能、体重及血液生化指标的影响。本试验采用随机分组设计,选取健康,2~4胎次,预产期和体重接近的围产前期中国荷斯坦奶牛21头,随机分为3组,每组7头。3个处理组分别于产前28 d开始饲喂能量水平不同、粗蛋白质水平接近的日粮,即日粮A(NEL:6.12 MJ•kg-1,CP 13.03%)、日粮B(NEL:5.80 MJ•kg-1,CP 13.01%)和日粮C(NEL:5.47 MJ•kg-1,CP 13.03%),奶牛分娩后饲喂相同日粮。试验期49 d(其中产前28 d,产后21 d)。结果表明:(1)在产后1~7 d,3个试验组的平均DMI组间差异不显著(P>0.05),8~14 d时,C组较A组平均DMI增加9.93%(P<0.01),15~21 d增加8.87%(P<0.01);(2)在奶牛产后7 d时,3个试验组间产奶量差异极显著(P<0.01),B组高于A组,C组高于B组,14 d时C组较A组泌乳量增加4.71%(P<0.01),21 d时泌乳量增加8.02%(P<0.05);(3)产后1~14 d体重差异不显著(P>0.05),15~21 d体重差异极显著(P<0.01),B组高于A组,C组高于B组;(4)各组间血液甘油三酯(TG)差异不显著(P>0.05);产前A组的葡萄糖(Glu)最高,产后C组最高;产后7和14 d时,B、C组非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)含量分别比A组降低3.80%(P<0.01)、6.30%(P<0.01)和3.94%(P<0.01)、6.01%(P<0.01)。研究结果表明,产前奶牛饲喂适宜低能量水平日粮有助于提高分娩后奶牛的DMI、产奶量和血糖的浓度,显著降低产后体重损失和血液NEFA的含量,进而缓解围产期奶牛的能量负平衡。

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to measure the effects of dietary energy levels of pre-partum Holstein dairy cows on dry matter intake,milk yield,body weight and blood biochemical indicators at postpartum stage.21 healthy pre-partum Holstein cows in 2-4 parities with similar date of delivery and body weights were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=7).The cows were fed with diets of different energy levels but similar crude protein content.The NEL and crude protein levels in diets for different groups were,6.12 MJ•kg-1 and 13.03% for group A,5.80 MJ•kg-1 and 13.01% for group B,5.47 MJ•kg-1 and 13.03% for group C,respectively.All the cows were fed with the same ration of ab libitum after delivery.The experiment lasted 49 d including 28 d pre-partum and 21 d postpartum.The results showed that:(1) In the beginning 1-7 d of lactation,DMI did not show obvious differences(P>0.05) among 3 groups.Compared with group A,DMI of group C was increased by 9.93%(P<0.01) in the following 8-14 d and increased by 8.87%(P<0.01) during 15-21 d.(2)The milk yield had the extremely significant difference among groups(P<0.01) at 7 d postpartum(groups C > B > A).Compared with group A,milk yield of group C was increased by 4.71%(P<0.01) and 8.02%(P<0.05) at 14 d and 21 d postpartum.(3)The body weights among the 3 groups were not significantly different(P>0.05) during 1-14 d.At the final experimental period,the body weights were also significantly different(P<0.01) among 3 groups at this stage(groups C > B >A).(4) The triglyceride(TG) was not vary obviously different(P>0.05) among groups.The highest Glucose(Glu) was observed in group A in the pre-natal stage,but group C at the postpartum stage.In comparison with group A,the nonesterified fatty acids(NEFA) levels of group B and C were reduced by 3.80%(P<0.01) and 6.30%(P<0.01) at 7 d after parturition,3.94%(P<0.01) and 6.01%(P<0.01) at 14 d,respectively.Decreasing the energy level of pre-partum diet not only improve the DMI,milk yield and blood glucose concentration,but also significantly reduce cows’ weight loss and NEFA concentrations in the blood at postpartum.It all suggests that low energy level of pre-partum diet could alleviate negative energy balance(NEB) of perinatal cows.

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